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Encyklopédia rýb |
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Plaice are among the flatfish and are generally regarded as the most popular members of this fish family. They prefer to inhabit the seabed and their love of salty, cool waters mean that they are seldom found near river mouths. They usually live in a depth of 10 to 200 metres, this can be up to 400 metres in the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Plaice are masters of disguise. They assume the colour of the ground and dig into the sand when danger lurks. Particularly fascinating are the eyes, of which one can look forwards and the other backwards at the same.
Plaice have an average length of about 25 to 40 centimetres and weigh up to seven kilograms. The oldest ever caught plaice was approximately 50 years old.
Females can lay up to half a million eggs. When the young have reached a certain size, the left eye moves over the upper half of the body to the right and the fish begins to swim, with the left side of its body toward the floor, flat over the seabed. The eye on the upper body side varies between different shades of brown with pale to dark red spots depending on the ground on which the fish settles. The underside, also known as the blind side, is white. Optically, the plaice is similar to the flounder, however, it differs in the fact that its small scales are very smooth.
Adult plaice feed on shrimp, crabs and small shellfish. Plaice swim an impressive 30 kilometres a day from their original spawning areas in the direction of the intertidal zones of the beach.
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Nutrient content |
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Nutrient content
100 g Plaice (edible parts)
Energy:
361 kilojoules
Basic composition:
Water 79.9 %
Protein 17.1 %
Fat 1.9 %
Fatty acids:
Polyunsaturated 554 mg
Cholesterol:
63 mg
Minerals:
Sodium 104 mg
Potassium 311 mg
Calcium 61 mg
Magnesium 22 mg
Trace elements:
Iodine 53 µg
Phosphorus 198 mg
Iron 900 µg
Selenium 33 µg
Vitamins:
Vitamin B1 210 µg
Vitamin B2 220 µg
Vitamin C 1.5 mg
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Occurrence |
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Occurrence
Plaice live in the Northeast Atlantic, from the White Sea to Gibraltar and the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Most often they are found in the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, the Belt Sea and the western Baltic Sea up to the Gotland-Gdansk.
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Fishing method |
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Fishing method
For European coastal fisheries the plaice is the most caught flatfish. Due to the spring migration plaice fishing reaches its peak during the months of May, June and July. The so-called ‘spring plaice’ are particularly sought after by fish lovers in virtue of their delicate texture. Later in the year fishermen must go farther out to sea to catch plaice.
These fish are caught using trawl nets. Formerly, the fishermen used bottom trawls with a chain harness. This, however, damaged too much flora, life on the sea bed and tore up the seabed itself. This is why today trawls are used which protect the sea floor and where the young have a chance to escape. Plaice fishermen may only catch those that have reached a length of at least 25 centimetres. Therefore, the prescribed minimum size of the mesh is 10 centimetres. The traditional most common bait for angling by hand is probably worm tipped with squid but herring and sand eels are also effective.
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Economy |
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Economy
Plaice are among the most popular fish and are in great demand among consumers, above all for their white, tasty meat. This extreme popularity creates an immense economic importance to the coastal fisheries.
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Taste |
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Taste
The white meat of the plaice is firm and full of flavour.
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Tips |
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Tips
Flounder, turbot or lemon sole can serve as replacements for the plaice.
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